Is marijuana legal in Mexico? Not quite. The world is watching as Mexico toes the line toward what could become the globe's most lucrative cannabis market.

After repeated delays and extended deadlines, the Mexican Chamber of Deputies approved legislation to legalize cannabis across the country on Mar. 10, 2021. The bill, which includes new amendments will now go back to the Senate either for approval or further revision.

The new amendments, as reported by Marijuana Moment, include a proposal not to establish a regulatory body, which would oversee the rollout of the cannabis program. Instead, the lower house is proposing to give that responsibility to the National Commission Against Addictions.

The chamber has also approved amendments that would increase the penalties for anybody caught with large amounts of unauthorized cannabis and would also require the coordination of permanent campaigns to offset "problematic cannabis use" among "minors and vulnerable groups."

"Advocates had hoped for more," Kyle Jaeger writers for Marijuana Moment. "Throughout this legislative process, they’ve called for changes to further promote social equity and eliminate strict penalties for violating the law. They were also frustrated to see a provision added in committee that requires people who want to grow their own cannabis at home to register with the government for approval."

Mexico Senate to Review Latest Amendments to Cannabis Bill

Mexico's Senate had initially approved the bill on Nov. 19, 2020, for the national legalization of cannabis, as reported by Tom Angell from Marijuana Moment.

The proposed legislation "would establish a regulated cannabis market in Mexico, allowing adults 18 and older to purchase and possess up to 28 grams of marijuana and cultivate up to six plants for personal use," Angell reported.

The Senate had added amendments added to the legislation including the stipulation that all previous cannabis convictions are to be expunged from peoples' criminal records within six months.

"Lawmakers also removed a prohibition on owning more than one type of marijuana license, allowing for vertical integration of cannabis businesses. A previous version of the bill would have only allowed people from vulnerable communities to hold more than one license type," Angell wrote.

The latest draft of the cannabis bill actually includes a new licensing category for vertical integration, which takes this a step further.

"While advocates have celebrated the advancement of cannabis reform through the legislature, they have fought hard for changes to better protect consumers’ rights and promote social equity in the legal market. Namely, they remain concerned about high penalties that can be imposed for violating the cannabis rules and feel the bill should do more to allow opportunities for small farmers," Angell continued, adding that a lot of the requested changes had not made it into the legislation approved by the Senate.

April Deadline Looming to Make Marijuana Legal

Lawmakers are facing an April 2021 deadline to legalize cannabis, which is the fourth extension since the Supreme Court's initial mandate.

In October, 2018, the Mexican Supreme Court had ruled that prohibiting the cultivation and possession of marijuana was unconstitutional. In making anti-marijuana laws unenforceable, the Court gave legislators one year to change the law and develop a national framework for the buying and selling of adult-use cannabis.

Since then, lawmakers have listened to the public, consulted with cannabis corporations, drafted bills, and missed deadlines. Toward the end of March, COVID-19 chaos brought legalization hopes to a screeching halt when the Mexican Senate postponed all legislative activity.

However, when the Senate returned to session on September 1st and Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador offered no resistance, it indeed looked like cannabis legalization would soon become the law of the land in Mexico, a nation of over 87 million adults.

Yes, they [the legislators] are going to decide freely, listening to the opinion of all the parties. There have already been consultations, and if they are going to decide on this matter, that is, there is going to be a legal reform.”

Mexican President Obrador

Sen. Julio Ramón Menchaca Salazar of the ruling Morena party had said that while legislators must still resolve certain disagreements about the legislation, legalizing cannabis could fill treasury coffers at a time when the economy is recovering from the pandemic, according to Marijuana Moment.

In November 2020, Sen. Ricardo Monreal of the Morena party, also argued that the current cannabis laws have filled the country's detention centers with people who'd possessed only a few grams of cannabis. The Senator has also revealed that this monumental moment in Mexico's history – and that lawmakers have shown a strong desire to figure out the cannabis issue in a country that has been plagued by drug trafficking violence, and that legal cannabis can expand the nation's economic development.

Just before the start of the new session on September 1st, Senator Jesusa Rodríguez of the Morena party displayed a marijuana plant on her desk to show her support for legalization.

“Priority issue in the Senate for this period,” Rodríguez said in a tweet, referring to cannabis reform.

What is in Mexico's Cannabis Legalization Bill ?

Below are some of key points of Mexico's current cannabis legalization bill.