True to its name, a cannagar smokes more like a cigar than a joint, because of how much easier and hotter it pulls. While a joint will only last you a few minutes, a cannagar can stay lit for a couple of hours, allowing consumers to enjoy a slow, patient burn and an especially relaxing high.
Because of this, consumers are encouraged to take smaller puffs. However, don’t let this fool you: a cannagar will likely pack a harder punch than any joint or blunt you’ve ever come across.
Much like a cigar, a cannagar comes in all shapes and sizes, but the main idea is to deliver the consumer with a long, powerful high that utilizes every part of the plant.
Derived from the “Thai Stick,” an ancient form of cannabis cigar native to Thailand that was popular in the U.S. throughout the 1970s, cannagars are crafted similarly to cannabis moon rocks and are considered an elite stoner product. Thai Sticks are made by molding ground cannabis around a skewer and wrapping it in fan leaves, and they are often bound with hemp string before being cured.
The biggest drawback with cannagars is their price. Depending on which brand you go for, quality pre-rolled cannagars can range anywhere from twenty dollars to well over a thousand. Because of this, many heavy consumers opt for molding their own cannagars at home.
When it comes to making your own cannagar, choosing the right supplies is crucial for a successful and enjoyable experience. Here are some key supplies you’ll need to get started:
How to Make a Cannagar Without a Mold: A Comprehensive Guide - The Bluntness
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Before you start rolling your cannagar, it’s essential to prepare your cannabis properly. This involves selecting high-quality cannabis flowers, grinding them to the right consistency, and ensuring they are free of any contaminants. Here are some tips to help you prepare your cannabis for rolling:
By following these steps, you’ll ensure that your cannabis is well-prepared for rolling, leading to a smoother and more enjoyable smoking experience.
Once you have prepared your cannabis, it’s time to start rolling and shaping your cannagar. Here are some tips to help you achieve a perfect roll:
By following these tips, you’ll be able to roll and shape a cannagar that is both visually appealing and enjoyable to smoke.
Molding your own cannagar from home is a great way to get creative about the way you consume, in a cost-effective and easy-to-innovate fashion. All you need is a cannagar mold, oil, and a pretty sizable amount of flower.
Many consumers who prefer to smoke cannagars consider this method to be one of the most respectful ways to honor the plant. After all, what better way to treat yourself and steer into the power of cannabis than by rolling yourself an elite cigar made entirely out of it?
Rolling your own cannagar is somewhat time-consuming, especially between crafting it and actually being able to light up, but if you’ve gathered the right supplies and set aside enough time for you to truly indulge and enjoy, there are few consumption methods more worth it.
Here’s everything you’ll need to mold your very own cannagar at home:
The first thing you’ll need to roll your cannagar is some leaves from the plant. Most consumers prefer indica leaves because of their broader shape, but it’s ultimately up to you. However, if you don’t have access to cannabis leaves, hemp-based blunt papers can be quite an efficient substitute.
This is one of the most important ingredients to your cannagar, and also the one that leaves the most room for innovation. But whether you stick to a uniform strain or go for an eclectic salad, make sure you opt for flower that’s more on the dank/sticky side.
The more resin present, the easier your flower will pack together, and the slower it’ll burn. Just make sure to remove the stems and seeds. The amount of flower required depends entirely on how monstrous you want your cannagar to be, but anywhere between 4-12 grams is a safe bet.
The key, as always, is to know your body and your limit. If it’s your first time molding a cannagar, maybe start with a smaller model to figure out how you respond to this method of consumption.
Side note: you can save your cannabis stems and do these six things with them or make potent weed stem tea
The final cannabis product you’ll need to complete the inside of your cannagar is cannabis oil – or whatever form of concentrate you’re most inclined to. The concentrate acts as the glue that holds your cannagar together, ensures a slower burn, and ultimately brings your high to the next level.
Cannagar molds can be purchased online or at a dispensary, and they come in a few different shapes and sizes for you to choose from. Once you’ve determined how intense of an experience you want this to be, you’ll know which mold works best for you.
Pretty self-explanatory.
Since a cannagar is so large and difficult to handle, you’ll need to use some toothpicks (or some other similar material) as a skewer to help with the molding process.
Hemp twine is optional, but wrapping your cannagar with it helps secure your product, keep the leaves intact, and makes storage a lot easier, especially if you’re not planning on smoking the cannagar right away.
Once you’ve compiled all of these items, you’re ready to start crafting your cannagar:
Ta-da! You’ve crafted your very own cannagar from home. Now, it’s time to enjoy the fruits of your labor.
Working with cannabis can be a bit tricky, but with the right tips and techniques, you can ensure a successful and enjoyable experience. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
By following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to crafting a perfect cannagar.
Even with the best preparation and technique, issues can still arise when rolling a cannagar. Here are some common issues and their solutions:
By addressing these common issues, you can ensure that your cannagar is well-constructed and provides a smooth, enjoyable smoke.
Making your own cannagar can be a fun and rewarding experience, and it offers several benefits. Here are some of the benefits of making your own cannagar:
By making your own cannagar, you can enjoy a personalized, cost-effective, and high-quality smoking experience.
When making your own cannagar, there are several common mistakes to avoid. Here are some of the most common mistakes to watch out for:
By avoiding these common mistakes, you’ll be able to craft a sturdy and enjoyable cannagar.
Rolling a cannagar can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it requires patience, practice, and attention to detail. By following the tips and techniques outlined in this guide, you can create a high-quality cannagar that is perfect for special occasions or everyday use. Remember to always use high-quality cannabis and materials, and to follow proper safety precautions when rolling and consuming your cannagar. Happy rolling!
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Dr. Sue Sisley, a psychiatrist and the principal investigator for the trial, explains, “Suicide among veterans is an urgent public health crisis, but it’s solvable if we invest in researching new treatments for life-threatening conditions like PTSD. This study will generate data that doctors, like myself, can use to develop treatment plans that better serve our patients.”
The study aims to assess the real-world effects of inhaled high-THC cannabis flower compared to a placebo. Participants will self-titrate, or adjust their dosage, reflecting how many veterans already consume cannabis. This approach ensures the research mirrors actual usage patterns, making the results more applicable to everyday life.
The journey to secure FDA approval for this study was anything but smooth. The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), the nonprofit leading the research, faced five clinical hold letters from the FDA over a three-year period. These holds addressed contentious issues, including the proposed THC dosage, the smoking delivery method, and the inclusion of cannabis-naive participants.
In August 2024, MAPS submitted a formal dispute resolution request, arguing that these restrictions hindered meaningful research. The FDA eventually relented, allowing the trial to proceed with commercially available THC levels and requiring participants to have prior experience with inhaled cannabis.
Rick Doblin, founder and president of MAPS, noted, “MAPS takes pride in leading the way to open new research pathways by challenging the FDA to think differently. This study is a critical step in ensuring cannabis research reflects the way people actually use it.”
This trial is not occurring in a vacuum. Veterans have been at the forefront of both medical marijuana and psychedelics reform, advocating for expanded access to treatments that address their unique mental health challenges. Organizations like the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America and the Wounded Warrior Project have consistently pushed for congressional action to fund research and provide clearer pathways to alternative therapies.
State-level initiatives have also bolstered these efforts. Michigan, for example, allocated $13 million from its Veteran Marijuana Research Grant Program to fund this trial, underscoring the state’s commitment to advancing veteran healthcare. Other states, including Massachusetts and California, have explored pilot programs and working groups to investigate the therapeutic benefits of cannabis and psychedelics for veterans.
If successful, this study could fundamentally reshape how PTSD is treated in veterans. Current treatment options, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, often come with significant side effects, including severe constipation, confusion, and, paradoxically, increased agitation. Many veterans report abandoning these medications in favor of cannabis, which they say provides more immediate and comprehensive relief.
The trial’s unique design—focusing on self-titration and real-world usage—could yield data that is more relevant and actionable than traditional clinical studies. This could pave the way for cannabis to be more broadly integrated into veteran healthcare programs, potentially reducing the reliance on pharmaceuticals that many find ineffective or harmful.
The Potential Impact of Smoked Cannabis on PTSD Treatment - The Bluntness
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This study isn’t just about veterans; it’s about challenging the stigma surrounding cannabis as a treatment for mental health conditions. MAPS’s research aligns with a growing body of work exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including MDMA and psilocybin. While the FDA recently rejected an MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD, the progress made in these fields reflects a shifting perspective at the federal level.
The approval of this trial highlights the need for nuanced, evidence-based approaches to mental health treatment. As Leith J. States, chief medical officer at the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, observed, “We’re moving forward… and we’re doing things in a way that marches us forward in an incremental way.”
Despite this milestone, significant challenges remain. Cannabis-naive participants were excluded from the trial due to safety concerns, potentially limiting the study’s generalizability. Additionally, the FDA has not yet approved the use of vaporization devices, which some veterans prefer over smoking. These limitations highlight the complexities of conducting cannabis research within the framework of federal regulations.
Furthermore, systemic barriers persist. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been criticized for its slow adoption of cannabis research, with some veterans accusing the agency of “dragging their feet” on exploring alternative treatments. Advocates hope that the success of this trial will accelerate change at the institutional level, ensuring broader access for veterans in need.
The FDA’s approval of this landmark study signals a new era for cannabis research, one that prioritizes real-world applications and addresses the urgent needs of vulnerable populations. For veterans living with PTSD, this trial represents hope—hope for treatments that honor their experiences and provide genuine relief.
As states like Michigan continue to fund cutting-edge research and as organizations like MAPS challenge outdated regulatory frameworks, the future of medical marijuana looks increasingly promising. This trial is more than just a study; it’s a step toward validating the lived experiences of millions of veterans and reshaping the conversation around mental health treatment.
With millions of dollars invested and countless lives potentially impacted, this trial is a reminder of the power of persistence, advocacy, and evidence-based innovation in transforming healthcare. The road ahead may still be fraught with challenges, but the destination—a world where veterans have access to effective, compassionate care—is worth every step.
Cannabis, commonly known as weed, affects the brain in several ways. Understanding what does weed do to your brain involves looking at both short-term and long-term effects on cognition and brain function. This article explores these impacts, discussing how different cannabinoids interact with brain receptors and what the consequences might be for frequent users, adolescents, and those with specific health conditions. By the end, you’ll have a clearer picture of how cannabis could influence your cognitive abilities and overall brain health.
The cannabis plant has been used for centuries for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. The main psychoactive component of marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is responsible for the euphoric effects that many users seek. However, cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoids, each interacting with the body in unique ways. One of the most well-known non-psychoactive cannabinoids is cannabidiol (CBD), which has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits.
At the core of cannabis’s effects on the human brain is the endocannabinoid system, a complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters that regulate various physiological processes. The CB1 receptors, primarily found in the brain, play a significant role in modulating mood, cognition, and overall brain function. THC activates these CB1 receptors, leading to the psychoactive effects commonly associated with cannabis use. In contrast, CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system differently, which may contribute to its broader therapeutic applications.
The effects of cannabis on the brain can vary significantly based on several factors, including:
For instance, while occasional use may lead to temporary cognitive impairments, heavy and frequent cannabis users may experience more pronounced and lasting effects. Additionally, synthetic cannabinoids, which are often more potent than natural cannabis, can have different and sometimes more severe impacts on brain function.
Understanding how much marijuana one consumes and how regularly it is used is crucial in determining its overall impact on brain development and cognitive function. This understanding becomes particularly important when considering vulnerable populations, such as adolescent cannabis users, whose developing brains are more susceptible to the effects of cannabis.
In summary, the interaction between cannabis and the brain is complex and multifaceted. While THC and CBD are the primary cannabinoids of interest, the full spectrum of effects involves a delicate interplay between various factors. As we delve deeper into specific effects, both short-term and long-term, it becomes evident why a nuanced understanding is necessary for both users and healthcare providers.
Acute cannabis use can have a significant impact on cognitive functions, particularly those related to memory, executive function, and processing speed. Tasks that require decision-making, such as the Iowa Gambling Task and delayed discounting tasks, have shown considerable impairments following acute cannabis use. This cognitive impairment can manifest as poorer performance in educational attainment and other areas requiring complex cognitive functioning.
One of the most striking short-term effects of cannabis use is on working memory. While verbal fluency might remain intact, the ability to hold and manipulate information is often significantly impaired. This can lead to difficulties in everyday tasks that require planning and executing multiple steps, ultimately affecting overall cognitive performance.
The effects of cannabis use on executive function are also noteworthy. Executive function encompasses a range of cognitive processes, including problem-solving, flexible thinking, and self-control. Acute cannabis use has been shown to impair these functions, leading to negative outcomes in tasks that require careful thought and planning. This impairment can be particularly problematic for individuals in high-stakes environments, such as students or professionals in demanding fields.
Interestingly, the health effects of cannabis use can vary between recreational users and those using cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Studies indicate that recreational cannabis users experience greater adverse effects on memory and executive functions compared to medical cannabis patients. This difference may be attributed to the varying reasons for cannabis consumption and the different dosages and strains used.
While some may argue that the negative effects of cannabis use are transient and reversible, it is essential to recognize the potential for immediate cognitive impairment. Low blood pressure and other physiological changes can also accompany acute cannabis use, further complicating its impact on cognitive functions.
Understanding these short-term effects is vital for making informed decisions about cannabis use.
Chronic cannabis use has been associated with significant alterations in brain structure, particularly in areas critical for memory and learning. One of the most affected regions is the hippocampus, which is known for its high density of CB1 receptors. Studies have shown that long-term cannabis users may experience a reduction in hippocampal volume and gray matter density, which can have lasting implications for cognitive function.
The developing brain is especially vulnerable to the effects of chronic cannabis use. Neuroimaging studies have indicated that adolescent cannabis users may experience alterations in both gray and white matter structures. These changes can affect brain development processes such as myelination and synaptic pruning, potentially leading to long-term cognitive impairments.
In older adults, heavy cannabis use has also been linked to changes in brain structure. The hippocampus, already susceptible to age-related decline, may undergo further alterations due to prolonged cannabis use. This can exacerbate age-related cognitive decline, highlighting the need for caution among older cannabis users.
Longitudinal studies have provided insights into the persistent cognitive impairments associated with cannabis use during adolescence. These studies suggest that the negative effects on cognitive functions such as memory and attention may continue even after periods of abstinence. This underscores the importance of considering the long-term impacts of cannabis use, particularly for young and developing brains.
Despite the growing body of evidence, more research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of cannabis on brain structure and function. Organizations like the National Institute on Drug Abuse emphasize the need for further research to clarify these neural mechanisms and their implications for public health. As we continue to explore these long-term effects, it is crucial to balance the potential benefits of cannabis use with its risks.
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, marked by significant changes in structure and function. During this time, the brain undergoes processes such as myelination and synaptic pruning, which are essential for healthy cognitive development. However, early cannabis exposure can disrupt these processes, leading to negative cognitive consequences.
Research indicates that cannabinoid receptors, which are critical for brain development, increase throughout adolescence. The alteration of these receptors by cannabis can result in significant neurocognitive challenges. For instance, heavy cannabis use during adolescence is linked to deficits in memory and attention, which can persist into adulthood.
One of the most concerning aspects of adolescent cannabis use is its potential to cause long-lasting neurostructural changes. Studies have shown that regular cannabis use during adolescence can lead to persistent changes in brain structure, particularly in the hippocampus. These changes may not fully reverse even after extended periods of abstinence, highlighting the importance of preventing early cannabis use.
The impact of cannabis on the developing brain is further compounded by the fact that adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors and substance abuse. The combination of cannabis use with other drugs and alcohol can exacerbate its negative effects, leading to more severe cognitive impairments and mental health issues. This underscores the need for targeted interventions to reduce cannabis use among young adults.
In conclusion, cannabis profoundly affects the adolescent brain, which is especially vulnerable to its disruptive effects. Addressing the unique challenges faced by adolescent users can promote healthier brain development and cognitive function.
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a condition characterized by the problematic use of cannabis, leading to significant impairment or distress. Individuals with CUD may develop a tolerance to cannabis, requiring larger amounts to achieve the same effects. This can lead to increased consumption and a higher risk of developing mental health disorders.
There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between cannabis use and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Frequent cannabis users are at a higher risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders, and those with pre-existing mental health conditions may experience worsened symptoms. This relationship is particularly concerning for individuals with a history of mental health issues, as cannabis use can contribute to the emergence or recurrence of mental health problems.
Cannabis withdrawal symptoms can also have a significant impact on mental health. Emotional symptoms during withdrawal may include anger, depressive moods, and heightened anxiety, while physical symptoms can consist of stomach upset and drug cravings. These withdrawal symptoms can start within two days of cessation and last from 2 to 10 days, making it challenging for individuals to quit cannabis use.
Higher potency cannabis, often referred to as Skunk, contains elevated levels of THC that may increase mental health risks. These stronger strains can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and even psychosis, highlighting the need for caution when consuming high-potency cannabis products.
Studies have indicated that users with cannabis dependence show more significant structural brain changes compared to regular users without dependence. These changes can lead to cognitive impairment and adverse psychological effects, raising concerns about the therapeutic application of cannabis. As we continue to explore the effects of cannabis use disorder, it is essential to balance the potential benefits of cannabis with its risks to mental health.
Despite the potential risks, cannabis has shown promise as a therapeutic tool for certain medical conditions. Many patients using medical marijuana report relief from symptoms of chronic pain and PTSD, although scientific backing is still limited. For instance, some patients with cancer or multiple sclerosis have experienced significant pain relief with cannabis use.
Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of cannabinoids to produce therapeutic effects for PTSD, yet human trials are limited and often of low quality. Cannabinoids might offer anti-inflammatory properties, which could be beneficial for individuals with PTSD who show signs of elevated inflammation. However, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs found insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of cannabis for chronic pain and PTSD treatment.
The potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis extend beyond pain relief. Cannabis is being explored for its potential to treat a variety of conditions, including epilepsy, anxiety, and sleep disorders. However, current research highlights the need for larger, well-designed studies to clarify the efficacy and safety of cannabis in treating these conditions.
Medical cannabis patients often use cannabis products with higher CBD content, which may offer therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC. This distinction is crucial, as it allows patients to manage their symptoms without experiencing the euphoric effects that recreational users seek. Understanding the difference between medical and recreational cannabis use is essential for both patients and healthcare providers.
In conclusion, while the therapeutic uses of cannabis are promising, more robust scientific evidence from clinical trials is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks. Exploring medical applications of cannabis requires caution and a thorough understanding of its effects.
The cognitive effects of cannabis use can vary significantly based on the user’s purpose. Recreational users often consume cannabis for its psychoactive effects, while medical cannabis patients use it to manage specific symptoms. This difference in purpose can lead to different cognitive outcomes, with recreational users often experiencing greater cognitive impairment.
Variables such as the age of cannabis onset and the frequency of use play crucial roles in determining cognitive outcomes. Studies indicate that recreational users who start using cannabis at a younger age and use it more frequently tend to experience poorer cognitive performance compared to medical users. This is particularly evident in tasks requiring attention and decision-making, where recreational users often show greater impairments.
The type of cannabis consumed and the dosage also contribute to variability in cognitive effects. Recreational users may prefer cannabis strains with higher THC content, which can lead to more pronounced cognitive impairments. In contrast, medical cannabis patients often use strains with higher CBD content, which may mitigate some of the negative cognitive effects.
Research suggests that the acute and chronic effects of cannabis use differ between recreational and medical users. Recreational users may experience immediate impairments in cognitive function, while medical users might have different long-term outcomes based on their usage patterns and the specific conditions they are treating. Understanding these differences is crucial for tailoring cannabis use to individual needs and minimizing potential risks.
In conclusion, the cognitive effects of cannabis can vary widely based on the context of its use. By comparing recreational and medical cannabis use, we can better understand the factors that influence cognitive outcomes and develop strategies to optimize the benefits while minimizing the risks.
Research has established a correlation between cannabis consumption and the onset of various mental health disorders. For instance, stronger strains of cannabis, such as Skunk, which contain higher levels of THC, can exacerbate mental health conditions, including psychosis and PTSD. This relationship highlights the importance of understanding the specific impacts of different cannabis products on mental health.
Cannabis use can contribute to the emergence or relapse of mental disorders symptoms. Decision-making abilities, for example, can be significantly impaired by cannabis use, resulting in slower response times and decreased accuracy in tasks requiring planning and inhibition. This impairment can have serious implications for individuals with pre-existing mental health disorders, as it can worsen their symptoms and hinder their ability to manage their conditions effectively, particularly in relation to mental health services administration.
Working memory is another cognitive function consistently impaired following acute cannabis intoxication. This impairment affects the ability to hold and manipulate information, which is crucial for everyday functioning and mental health. Additionally, the presence of THC in cannabis is linked to mood alterations, which can further impact mental health.
Regular users of cannabis for recreational purposes tend to demonstrate poorer cognitive performance compared to those using it for medical reasons. This difference may be due to the varying dosages and strains used, as well as the underlying reasons for cannabis consumption. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems for individuals with mental health disorders.
In conclusion, while cannabis has potential therapeutic benefits, its use is also associated with significant mental health risks. By understanding the complex relationship between cannabis use and mental health disorders, we can better support individuals in making informed decisions about their cannabis consumption.
Cannabis-Assisted Psychedelic Therapy™ (CAPT) is an emerging therapeutic approach that leverages the unique properties of psychedelic cannabis to facilitate deep meditation, creative insights, and healing experiences. This therapy transforms cannabis from a recreational tool into a therapeutically supportive experience, allowing clients to access repressed feelings and memories.
In the context of psychotherapy, cannabis disrupts the default mode network, reducing censorship from the conscious mind and allowing greater access to the subconscious. This can help clients process strong emotions and make significant therapeutic progress. Clients often describe these experiences as powerful mushroom-like or ayahuasca-like journeys with the emotional support of MDMA.
The benefits of cannabis-assisted therapy are supported by pilot studies, such as those conducted with combat veterans. Participants reported that roughly 75% of their PTSD symptoms had been resolved after completing twelve 2-hour sessions of cannabis-assisted psychotherapy. This highlights the potential for cannabis to support trauma and PTSD recovery when used in a controlled, therapeutic setting.
However, the risks of cannabis-assisted therapy must also be considered. The interplay between stress and endocannabinoid functioning can lead to heightened anxiety and hyperarousal symptoms characteristic of PTSD. Additionally, cannabis is not typically welcomed in traditional talk therapy because it does not facilitate insight, understanding, or storytelling in the same way that other therapeutic approaches do.
In conclusion, while cannabis-assisted therapy offers significant potential therapeutic benefits, it also carries risks that must be carefully managed. By understanding the benefits and risks, therapists and clients can make informed decisions about incorporating cannabis into their therapeutic practices.
The demographic of older adults using cannabis is the fastest-growing group, with many turning to cannabis for its medicinal properties. Interestingly, research indicates that extremely low doses of THC can enhance cognitive functions in older populations, offering a potential therapeutic benefit.
Older adults tend to prefer cannabis strains high in CBD, which may have protective effects against cognitive decline. These strains can offer therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC, making them suitable for managing conditions such as chronic pain, arthritis, and sleep disorders.
Cognitive effects of cannabis in older adults can vary significantly based on age and THC dosage. Studies have shown that cannabis use does not significantly affect fluid cognitive abilities like memory and decision-making in older adults. However, the specific impacts can depend on individual factors, such as overall health and the presence of other medical conditions.
Despite these potential benefits, existing literature on the effects of cannabis on cognitive function in older adults is notably limited. There is a clear need for more research to fully understand the long-term cognitive and health effects of cannabis use in this demographic. This research is essential for developing guidelines and recommendations tailored to older adults who use cannabis for medical purposes.
In conclusion, although cannabis offers potential benefits for older adults, more research is necessary to fully understand its cognitive impact. Addressing these gaps will better support informed decisions about their use.
Developing a tolerance to cannabis means that a user requires larger amounts of the drug to achieve the same effects over time. This increased tolerance can lead to higher consumption, which may exacerbate the cognitive and mental health risks associated with consuming cannabis use.
Common withdrawal symptoms from cannabis include irritability, insomnia, and diminished appetite. These symptoms can make it challenging for individuals to reduce or quit cannabis use, particularly if they have developed a dependence on the drug. Understanding these withdrawal symptoms is crucial for providing effective support to individuals experiencing cannabis use disorder.
Cannabis withdrawal symptoms can start within two days of cessation and last from 2 to 10 days. During this period, individuals may experience both emotional and physical symptoms, including anger, depressive moods, heightened anxiety, stomach upset, and drug cravings. These withdrawal symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s mental health and overall well-being.
The development of cannabis tolerance and the presence of withdrawal symptoms underscore the importance of understanding the risks associated with long-term cannabis use. Heavy cannabis users and those who use cannabis regularly may be particularly susceptible to these effects, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support systems.
In conclusion, recognizing signs of cannabis tolerance and withdrawal is key to providing effective support for those struggling with use disorder. Understanding these aspects helps develop better strategies for managing use and improving overall well-being.
Secondhand smoke exposure, including both cannabis and tobacco, poses significant health risks, particularly for children in households with lower socioeconomic status. These risks can include respiratory infections and other health issues, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventive measures.
Studies have suggested that exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is linked to poorer cognitive outcomes, particularly in visual memory and language skills. While the effects of secondhand cannabis smoke are less well-studied, it is reasonable to assume that similar risks may exist, particularly given the similarities between tobacco and cannabis smoke.
Interestingly, some studies have indicated that environmental exposure to cannabis smoke may be linked to better oral reading skills in certain contexts, although this relationship requires further investigation. This highlights the complexity of secondhand cannabis exposure and the need for more research to fully understand its impacts.
The potential health risks associated with secondhand cannabis exposure underscore the importance of considering the broader implications of cannabis use. In households where cannabis is consumed, it is crucial to take measures to minimize exposure to non-users, particularly children and other vulnerable populations.
In conclusion, while the direct effects of secondhand cannabis exposure are not fully understood, the potential increased risk highlights the importance of caution. By understanding the health risks and taking preventive measures, we can protect vulnerable populations from the potential negative outcomes associated with secondhand cannabis smoke.
In summary, the effects of cannabis on the brain are multifaceted and complex, encompassing both potential benefits and significant risks. From short-term cognitive impairments to long-term structural changes, understanding the impact of cannabis use is crucial for making informed decisions. The unique effects on adolescent brain development, the challenges of cannabis use disorder, and the therapeutic potential of cannabis-assisted therapy all highlight the need for a nuanced perspective.
As cannabis continues to gain acceptance for both medical and recreational use, it is essential to balance its potential benefits with the risks. By staying informed and considering the latest research, individuals can make educated decisions about their cannabis use, ultimately promoting better health and well-being.
Cannabis-Assisted Psychedelic Therapy™ (CAPT) is a therapeutic method that employs psychedelic cannabis to enhance meditation, foster creative insights, and promote healing experiences. This approach aims to deepen personal exploration and transformation.
Cannabis in a psychotherapy context shifts from recreational use to a therapeutic tool that enhances emotional exploration, enabling clients to confront and process repressed feelings and memories. This transformation can lead to profound therapeutic breakthroughs.
The cannabis-assisted psychotherapy pilot study with combat veterans indicated a significant improvement, with approximately 75% of participants reporting a resolution of their PTSD symptoms after completing the program. This outcome underscores the potential benefits of integrating cannabis into therapeutic approaches for veterans dealing with PTSD.
A key difference in how cannabis affects consciousness in therapy versus everyday use is that, in therapeutic settings, it facilitates deeper access to the subconscious and emotional processing by disrupting the default mode network, thereby reducing mental censorship. In contrast, everyday use may not provide the same level of introspection or emotional exploration.
Cannabis is not typically welcomed in traditional talk therapy because it does not facilitate insight or understanding essential for therapeutic progress, focusing instead on accessing deeper mental states. This divergence from conventional methods can hinder effective communication and personal storytelling in therapy.
Alzheimer’s is a debilitating neurological condition that accounts for a majority of dementia cases. While great strides have been made in our fundamental understanding of Alzheimer’s and its progression, treatment options are still limited, with incredibly few FDA-approved treatments available to the public today.
Several medications do exist to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, but this is no easy task, and there is heavy debate on whether the side effects of these treatments are even worth it.
In recent years, evidence has been mounting regarding the potential for psychedelics to enhance neuroplasticity — the brain's ability to form new connections.
Over time, it’s becoming apparent that the intersection of psychedelic research and Alzheimer’s might offer long unanswered questions about the aging brain.
But the question still stands — are psychedelics truly a viable solution for treating Alzheimer’s disease?
In 1901, a physician by the name of Alois Alzheimer came across a patient with an unusual case. The patient, Auguste, had been experiencing eight months of changes to her personality and severe memory impairment.
Auguste frequently found herself lost in familiar situations and fearful of people she knew well. Rife with confusion and fits of jealousy and occasionally imagining that someone wanted to kill her, her husband brought her in to be examined at a psychiatric institution in Frankfurt.
Auguste’s case was of particular interest to Dr. Alzheimer, who had never seen symptoms quite like hers before. He decided to follow her case closely to track her mysterious condition.
In his initial interviews with Auguste, Dr. Alzheimer noted that she would speak clearly and articulate well but would often stop midway through her sentence as if she had become lost.
Over time, her demeanor went from generally anxious, confused, and disoriented to distant, unintelligible, and aggressively reactive. Eventually, Auguste stopped talking altogether and in her final years, became completely apathetic and recluded to her bed.
Perhaps the most tragic and succinct summary of the changes Auguste experienced is from her own remark on her state, “I have, so to say, lost myself.”
Dr. Alzheimer was not convinced that Auguste's symptoms were psychiatric in nature. When she passed away, Dr. Alzheimer examined sections of her brain under a microscope and found widespread atrophy — a massive loss of cells throughout the brain.
He also discovered thick fibrils called neurofibrillary tangles within the neurons and an unidentified substance, now known as amyloid plaques.
In this discovery, Dr. Alzheimer found what would become known as two of the defining features of Alzheimer’s disease today and set the stage for understanding this neuropathological disease.
Before we get into the weeds about how researchers believe certain psychedelic substances can be used to counteract the devastating effects of Alzheimer's disease, it's important to understand what, exactly, is happening in the Alzheimer's brain:
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by two key pathological features:
Over time, TAU proteins and amyloid-beta plaques cause damage to the neurons by choking them out and disrupting their ability to function — ultimately leading to widespread neuronal death and inflammation.
As our neurons die, we experience lapses in memory and cognitive decline (confusion, disorientation, mood changes, and difficulty communicating with others).
File:Alzheimers brain.jpg - Wikipediaen.m.wikipedia.org
TAU proteins are normal components of a healthy brain. They're used to stabilize a group of structures called microtubules that help transport nutrients within the cell.
For reasons not well understood, Alzheimer's disease sufferers have a problem regulating these TAU proteins. They become hyperphosphorylated, which causes them to misfold and form thick tangles that not only don't function as intended but also actively disrupt the neuron's ability to transport nutrients.
This eventually causes the neuron to die.
Amyloid-beta is another completely normal byproduct of healthy neurons. It forms when another compound called amyloid precursor protein (APP) breaks down.
Normally, this protein is cleared from the neurons by the glymphatic system before it can cause any damage. However, patients with Alzheimer's disease are unable to effectively remove this sticky substance. The exact reasons for this remains unknown. As amyloid-beta accumulates in the brain, it begins to form a thick plaque on the outside of neurons, disrupting communication between them and further contributing to neuronal damage and inflammation.
Inflammation is a secondary effect of Alzheimer's disease. As TAU proteins and amyloid-beta wreak havoc on the neurons, the dying cells release proinflammatory cytokines that signal widespread inflammation throughout the brain.
This inflammation further worsens neuronal damage and can cause harm to other unaffected regions of the brain.
Chronic (long-term) neuroinflammation has been linked to difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and depression — just to name a few.
There are currently only two FDA-approved treatments for Alzheimer’s that target the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
The medications, aducanumab, and lecanemab, were only approved in 2021 and 2023, respectively, and are designed to target and reduce the presence of amyloid-beta plaques.
There's a great deal of controversy around these medications, as it is still uncertain whether the reduction of amyloid plaques can actually translate into meaningful clinical benefits (evidence is mixed on this matter, with some finding marginal improvements and others showing no functional improvement whatsoever).
High costs and the risk of serious side effects such as brain swelling and bleeding further add to the debate about whether the benefits of these medications outweigh the risks.
Ultimately, the efficacy of these treatments remains questionable, leaving a significant gap in effective Alzheimer’s therapies.
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There are thousands of known chemicals, natural or synthetic, that could be considered “psychedelic.”
Only a tiny fraction of these compounds have been explored as a potential treatment for brain disorders like Alzheimer's Disease.
For the purposes of this discussion, we're specifically talking about "classical psychedelics" — which include tryptamines like LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) (lysergic acid diethylamide), magic mushrooms (psilocin & psilocybin), and DMT (dimethyltryptamine), and certain phenethylamines like mescaline or DOI.
These psychedelics all work through a similar mechanism of action — they mimic the neurotransmitter serotonin.
There are 15 different types of serotonin receptors in the brain — each one involved with regulating different processes. Psychedelics can bind to various serotonin receptors but are especially active on a particular subtype called 5-HT2A. The activation of this serotonin receptor subtype is critical for the psychedelic experience to take place.
What makes this receptor even more interesting is its apparent role in regulating neuroplasticity — which is the ability of the neurons to adapt and reorganize — restructuring themselves and forming new connections with neighboring neurons.
The ability to support neuroplasticity is considered the key mechanism for the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease as well as depression and PTSD.
Before we get into the specifics of how researchers are testing the use of psychedelics for Alzheimer's disease, I have to issue a disclaimer:
As of right now, there is no conclusive evidence that psychedelics can directly treat the disease in the same way that amyloid-targeting drugs like aducanumab or lecanemab do. The research we're going to explore below is mostly theoretical and addresses more of the underlying mechanisms involved with the disease.
With that said, there are some very promising preclinical studies and early-stage research that suggest psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT may provide a novel approach to fighting or even preventing the development of Alzheimer's disease.
New research suggests psychedelics may help restore the brain’s ability to form new connections — which is crucial for combating the neural deterioration seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Substances that accomplish this are called "psychoplastogens."
Dendrites are spindly, branch-like extensions found on the body of neuron cells. Each dendrite has many tiny protrusions called dendritic spines. These spines allow connections to form between neurons so they can communicate.
The dendritic spines are like connecting roads that allow small side streets to merge into to larger highways. These highways allow the movement of information from one region of the brain to another.
Alzheimer's disease erodes these connecting roads — preventing effective communication between neurons. The result is memory loss and cognitive impairment.
A healthy brain has a vast network of dendrites, each densely packed with tiny connecting spines.
A study from 2021 found that psilocybin (one of the active constituents in magic mushrooms) can increase the formation of these dendritic spines — particularly in the frontal cortex. This part of the brain is responsible for many of the higher-level cognitive functions that are responsible for executive control, such as decision-making and emotional regulation.
The formation of new dendrites is part of a larger phenomenon called “neuroplasticity,” which is probably the biggest buzzword regarding psychedelics today.
There's a lot going on with this process, and neurologists are just now starting to understand the mechanisms behind it.
What we do know is that plasticity is severely impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, and a gradual loss of these connections is a hallmark feature of the disease.
Other classical psychedelics have also shown a similar capacity for enhancing plasticity in the brain:
Psychedelics may help reduce harmful brain inflammation by soothing overactive microglial cells — potentially slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the key byproducts of Alzheimer's disease. As the neurons break down and die, they release a cocktail of inflammatory cytokines into the surrounding area.
This sounds the alarm for the brain’s resident immune cells (called microglia), which are forced to work overtime in an attempt to repair neuronal damage.
Unfortunately, the constant activation of these cells leads to issues with desensitization and deficiency. Ultimately enabling an acceleration of neuronal death and further buildup of toxic proteins like amyloid-beta. This, in turn, leads to more neuroinflammation, and the cycle continues.
Psychedelics have been shown in preclinical studies to reduce the overactivation of microglia and the production of inflammatory cytokines. These effects have been noted in ketamine, psilocybin/psilocin, and LSD.
By pressing the brakes on these immune system responses, psychedelics may give the immune system a chance to recover and slow the destructive snowball effect triggered by Alzheimer's disease.
Psychedelics may enhance glucose metabolism in the brain, offering a potential boost to energy supply and cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.
The brain requires a substantial amount of glucose (sugar) to function properly — about 20% of the body’s total energy supply. Without proper glucose regulation, cognitive functions like memory, attention, and decision-making can quickly deteriorate.
Changes in how the brain processes glucose are common in Alzheimer’s disease. Glucose, a simple sugar, is the brain’s main source of energy and is crucial for normal brain function. With Alzheimer’s disease, the brain becomes less effective at using glucose for energy.
One study demonstrated that an acute dose of psilocybin increased glucose metabolism by approximately 25% in areas such as the frontal cortex. Similar findings have been reported for psychedelics such as LSD and mescaline — however, no conclusive findings have yet been published.
What this means is that psychedelics may help improve the brain’s ability to use glucose, potentially supporting brain function and ameliorating cognitive loss in regions affected by the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Psychedelics may offer a breakthrough in managing depression for Alzheimer’s patients, potentially improving emotional health and slowing cognitive decline.
As many as 50% of Alzheimer's patients are also diagnosed with depression. Recent studies also suggest that SSRI medications and talk therapy are less effective in this population than in healthy individuals.
The impact of psychedelics on mood has been one of the most extensively studied effects to date. There are an ample number of studies showing that psychedelics have great potential in treating depression, even in cases resistant to traditional treatments.
Research has shown that psychedelics can foster profound emotional experiences and enhance feelings of connectedness, which may help alleviate feelings of isolation and despair often experienced by Alzheimer’s patients.
Several psychedelics have individually demonstrated an ability to alleviate depression symptoms:
Over a century has passed since Alzheimer’s Disease was first identified. Yet, with everything we know so far about the underpinnings of the disease and the promising potential for psychedelics to support patients diagnosed with the disorder, we've made very little progress over the last 10 years.
So why has research been so slow?
At the moment, the main obstacle to progress is the fact that most psychedelics are classified as Schedule I drugs. The definition of this category assumes these drugs have no medical value — so gaining access to investigate their medicinal potential is mired in red tape.
On top of this, there are complexities inherent to Alzheimer’s disease research itself — such as the need to study brain tissue postmortem and the fact that this disease progresses slowly over decades.
All forms of Alzheimer's disease research are inherently slow and expensive.
Despite these challenges, the potential advantages of introducing psychedelics to Alzheimer’s research far outweigh the risks, and their introduction into this field may offer some of the missing puzzle pieces the field has been searching for.
In fact, the first clinical studies examining the effects of psychedelics on Alzheimer’s are already underway, which will be pivotal in determining how research in this field will develop.
As research advances, we may uncover novel approaches that not only improve cognitive function and emotional well-being for those affected by Alzheimer’s but also enrich the broader field of neurodegenerative disease treatment.
The intersection of psychedelics and Alzheimer’s research holds significant promise, offering hope for new avenues of care for patients and their families.
This article originally appeared in Tripsitter. If you found this post valuable, consider getting a paid subscription to Tripsitter. Your support makes this work possible.
